Version history

We follow Semantic Versions since the 1.0.0 release. Versions before 1.0.0 are 0Ver-based: incremental in minor, bugfixes only are patches. See 0Ver.

1.0.0 WIP

Misc

  • Breaking: Remove success_type and failure_type fields from IOResult, Maybe and Result types

0.22.0

Features

  • Breaking: Drops python3.7 support

  • Now requires mypy>=1.5

  • Adds trampolines support

0.21.0

Features

  • Now requires mypy>=1.4

  • Adds [compatible-mypy] extra for installation

0.20.1

Bugfixes

  • Fixed HKT to_str example in documentation

  • Fixed backward deserialization compatibility for BaseContainer

0.20.0

Features

  • Now requires mypy>=1.2

Bugfixes

  • Fixes a problem with do-notation and type aliases

  • Fixes custom pickle protocol to handle None values gracefully

  • Removes broken drylabs.io link in README

  • Revises pointfree documentation

0.19.0 aka The Do Notation

Features

  • Adds do notation

  • Adds attempt decorator

Misc

  • Check __slots__\ ` correctness with``slotscheck`

0.18.0

New Year Release! 🎄

Features

  • Now requires typing_extensions>=4.0

  • Now requires mypy>=0.930

  • Removes plugin for @safe, @maybe, @future, etc. Because we now use ParamSpec type to properly type decorators

Bugfixes

  • Fixes __slots__ not being set properly in containers and their base classes

  • Fixes patching of containers in pytest plugin not undone after each test

0.17.0

Features

  • Enables Pattern Matching support for Result containers

  • Enables Pattern Matching support for Maybe container

  • Enables Pattern Matching support for IOResult container

  • Improves hypothesis plugin, now we detect when type cannot be constructed and give a clear error message

  • Adds the option to pass what exceptions @safe will handle

0.16.0

Features

  • Makes _Nothing a singleton

  • Refactor flow function to be faster

Bugfixes

  • Fixes that assert_trace was not catching containers from @safe-wrapped functions

Misc

  • Fixes typos in documentation

0.15.0 aka The initial HKT release

Features

  • Adds Higher Kinded Types partial support

  • Breaking: drops python3.6 support

  • Breaking: makes our mypy plugin not optional, but required!

  • Breaking: changes all RequiresContext-based type arguments order, previously we used to specify _EnvType as the first type argument, now it is the last one. This is done to respect new HKT rules

  • Breaking: renames .rescue to .lash

  • Breaking: removes all old interfaces from primitives/interfaces.py, use new typeclasses instead

  • Breaking: Maybe is fully reworked to be lawful

  • Breaking: removes value_or pointfree method, because it is impossible to express with HKT

  • Breaking: removes .value_or, .unwrap, and .failure methods from FutureResult and RequiresContext-based types, because we do require these methods to raise an exception on failure, but these methods were lazy and did not raise the required exception

  • Breaking: changes how is_successful is typed: now we allow any Unwrappable interface instances there, including custom ones

  • Breaking: changes UnwrapFailedError constructor, now it does accept an Unwrappable instance instead of a BaseContainer

  • Breaking: removes .fix method from all containers, also removes fix pointfree function

  • Breaking: Removes coalesce function, because it is impossible to properly type it

  • Breaking: Removes all Context* based types with .ask() method, use new .ask() methods on the Reader-based containers

  • Breaking: Now Future and FutureResult can be awaited multiple times

  • Breaking: Removes .unify() method from several containers, use unify() pointfree function instead

  • Breaking: Removes .from_iterable method from all containers, instead adds better iterables support, we now have returns.iterables module with Fold helper

  • Breaking: Renames property empty to no_args of all RequiresContext-based classes

  • Adds new public interfaces: see returns.interfaces

  • Adds methods package with several helpful things inside

  • Adds FutureSuccess and FutureFailure unit functions to be similar to Result and IOResult

  • Adds .swap method to Result, IOResult, FutureResult, and other result based containers

  • Adds .modify_env method to all RequiresContext* types

  • Adds .rescue to Maybe

  • Adds .equals methods to types that can be compared directly: Result, Maybe, IO, IOResult

  • Adds missing from_requires_context_future_result to RequiresContext

  • Adds .from_optional and .bind_optional to Maybe container

  • Adds __slots__ to UnwrapFailedError with halted_container

  • Changes flatten to work with KindN and any possible container

  • Adds a helper to test traces to our pytest plugin

  • Adds cond function to pointfree and methods packages

  • Adds compose_result HKT method and pointfree function

  • Adds unify HKT pointfree function

  • Adds bimap pointfree function

  • Adds unwrap_or_failure function to methods package

  • Adds collect_trace helper function for better development experience

  • Adds hypothesis integration and pre-defined “monad laws as values”

  • Adds assert_equal method to our pytest plugin

Bugfixes

  • Breaking: fixes serious typing issue and changes how flow works

  • Breaking: fixes serious typing issue and changes how pipe works, now it has a hard limit of 20 parameters

  • Fixes that RequiresContextFutureResult was not supported by pytest plugin

  • Fixes incorrect partial behaviour in an edge case, #618

  • Fixes that .apply method of IOResult was working incorrectly, it was returning IOFailure(2) as a result of IOFailure(1).apply(IOFailure(2))

  • Fixes bug that safe(tap(...)) was revealing invalid types sometimes

Misc

  • Adds a lot of new typetests

  • Checks that now all math laws are checked for all types

  • Changes docs structure, adds new Interfaces, HKT, and Methods pages

  • Changed __str__ method in BaseContainer class to __repr__ method

  • Adds Quickstart guide

0.14.0

Features

  • Breaking: renames mypy plugin from decorator_plugin to returns_plugin because of a complete rewrite and lots of new features

  • Breaking: changes @safe, @impure, impure_safe, @maybe semantics: they do not work with async functions anymore; now you are forced to use Future and its helpers to work with async functions

  • Breaking: renames Maybe.new to Maybe.from_value. Because all our other containers support this protocol. Only Maybe was different, sorry for that!

  • Breaking: renames .from_success() to .from_value(), there’s no need in two separate methods

  • Breaking: renames .from_successful_io() to .from_io(), there’s no need in two separate methods

  • Breaking: renames .from_successful_context() to .from_context(), there’s no need in two separate methods

  • Breaking: since we now support .apply() method, there’s no more need in *_squash converters, they are removed

  • Breaking: renamed Instanceable to Applicative

  • Breaking: changes .from_io and .from_failed_io of IOResult to return Any instead of NoReturn unfilled type

  • Breaking: removes .lift and .lift_* methods from all containers, use map_, bind_result, bind_io, and other pointfree helpers instead

  • Breaking: removes @pipeline function. It was a mistake: it does not work with mixed container types, it does not type failures properly, it does not work with IO and Future, it enforces to write imperative code in a functional codebase. Use flow instead

  • Adds typed partial and curry mypy plugins!

  • Adds typed flow plugin, now it can accept any number of arguments, it now also has excellent type inference

  • Adds typed pipe plugin, now it can accept any number of arguments, it now also has good type inference

  • Adds managed pipeline function that is useful for working with stateful computations

  • Adds typed map_, fix, and alt pointfree functions

  • Adds typed bind_result, bind_io, bind_ioresult, bind_context, bind_context_result, bind_future, bind_async, and bind_awaitable pointfree functions

  • Adds typed bind_async_future and bind_async_future_result pointfree functions

  • Adds typed unify pointfree function

  • Adds typed apply pointfree function

  • Adds typed value_or pointfree function

  • Adds pytest plugin with the ability to tests error handling

  • Adds Future container to easily work with async functions

  • Adds FutureResult container to easily work with async function that might fail

  • Adds RequiresContextFutureResult container

  • Adds ReaderFutureResult alias for RequiresContextFutureResult

  • Adds RequiresContextFutureResultE and ReaderFutureResultE aliases

  • Adds Future, FutureResult and RequiresContextFutureResult support for all existing pointfree functions

  • Adds bind_io method to IOResult

  • Adds bind_io method to RequiresContextIOResult

  • Adds or_else method to Maybe

  • Adds .from_io and .from_failed_io to RequiresContextIOResult

  • Syncs naming in from_* methods, now all parameters are named inner_value

  • Adds not_ composition helper

  • Adds flatten support for Future, FutureResult and RequiresContextFutureResult

  • Adds __copy__ and __deepcopy__ magic methods to Immutable class

  • Speeds up is_successful function

  • Makes all Context context helpers abstract, so you cannot create new instances of this class, also adds __slots__ to these classes

  • Improves RequiresContext* types with NoDeps where it is logically true

Bugfixes

  • Fixes that @safe decorator was generating incorrect signatures for functions with Any

  • Fixes that .rescue() of RequiresContextResult was returning Any

  • Fixes that .rescue() of RequiresContextIOResult was returning Any

  • Fixes that RequiresContextResult and RequiresContextIOResult were not final

  • Fixes that ImmutableStateError was not a subclass of AttributeError

  • Fixes that IOResult was not showing str representation of wrapped inner_value

Misc

  • Replaces pytest-asyncio with anyio plugin, now we test compatibility with any IO stack: asyncio, trio, curio

  • Updates lots of dependencies

  • Adds lots of new tests

  • Updates lots of docs

  • Removes “IO marker” name from docs in favor for “IO container”, it is not special at all. Why would we call it differently?

0.13.0

Features

  • Breaking: renames join to flatten, sorry!

  • Breaking: renames box to bind and moves it to returns.pointfree

  • Breaking: removes Maybe.rescue and Maybe.fix methods

  • Breaking: renames io_squash to squash_io and moves it to returns.converters

  • Breaking: moves all interfaces from returns.primitives.container to returns.primitives.interfaces

  • Adds rescue pointfree function

  • Adds ResultE alias for Result[..., Exception]

  • Adds RequiresContext container and Context helper class

  • Adds RequiresContext support for bind pointfree function

  • Adds RequiresContext support for flatten function

  • Adds RequiresContextResult container

  • Adds RequiresContextResultE alias

  • Adds ReaderResult and ReaderResultE aliases for RequiresContextResult[..., ..., Exception]

  • Adds RequiresContextResult support for bind and rescue

  • Adds RequiresContextResult support for flatten

  • Adds IOResult helper to work better with IO[Result[a, b]]

  • Adds IOResultE alias for IOResult[a, Exception]

  • Adds IOResult support for bind

  • Adds IOResult support for flatten

  • Adds IOResult support for @pipeline

  • Adds IOResult support for coalesce

  • Adds IOResult support for is_successful

  • Adds RequiresContextIOResult container

  • Adds RequiresContextIOResultE alias

  • Adds ReaderIOResult and ReaderIOResultE aliases for RequiresContextIOResult[..., ..., Exception]

  • Adds RequiresContextIOResult support for bind and rescue

  • Adds RequiresContextIOResult support for flatten

  • Adds Result.lift, Maybe.lift, RequiresContext.lift, and RequiresContextResult.lift functions in addition to IO.lift

  • Adds Immutable primitive type

  • Adds Unitable protocol and .from_success() and .from_failure() methods for all Result related classes

  • Adds Instanceable protocol and .from_value() method for IO and RequiresContext

  • Adds flow function, which is similar to pipe

  • Adds swap converter for Result and IOResult

  • Adds squash_context function to squash RequiresContext similar to IO

Bugfixes

  • Now Success and Failure (both io and pure) return Any and not NoReturn

  • Fixes how flatten works, also adds more tests and docs about Failure case

  • Fixes Unwrappable type being parametrized with only one TypeVar

  • Changes Success and Failure to return Any instead of NoReturn

Misc

  • Updates poetry version in travis

  • Improves pipe docs with lambda and Generic problem

  • Improves docs in several places

  • Now examples in docs tries to be docstests where possible

  • Changes how tests are checked with mypy in CI

0.12.0

Features

  • Breaking: now @pipeline requires a container type when created: @pipeline(Result) or @pipeline(Maybe)

  • Maybe and Result now has success_type and failure_type aliases

  • Adds Result.unify utility method for better error type composition

  • We now support dry-python/classes as a first-class citizen

  • Adds io_squash to squash several IO containers into one container with a tuple inside, currently works with 9 containers max at a time

  • Adds untap function which does convert return type to None

Bugfixes

  • Fixes that containers were not usable with multiprocessing

  • Changes the inheritance order, now BaseContainer is the first child

  • Fixes that Nothing had incorrect docstrings

Misc

  • Now generated package is protected

  • Updates poetry to 1.0

0.11.0

Features

  • Breaking: now pipe() does not require argument to be the first value, instead it is required to use: pipe(f1, f2, f3, f4)(value)

  • Breaking: dropped everything from returns/__init__.py, because we now have quite a lot of stuff

  • Breaking: dropped support of zero argument functions for Nothing.fix

  • Breaking: dropped support of zero argument functions for Nothing.rescue

  • Maybe now has .failure() to match the same API as Result

  • Adds identity function

  • Adds tap function

  • Now pipe allows to pipe 8 steps

  • Adds coalesce_result and coalesce_maybe converters

Bugfixes

  • Fixes that code inside .fix and .rescue of Maybe might be called twice

Misc

  • Now all methods have doctests

  • Updates docs about Success and _Success, Failure and _Failure

  • Updates docs about @pipeline

  • Typechecks async functions and decorators inside typesafety/ tests

0.10.0

Features

  • Breaking: python>=3.7,<=3.7.2 are not supported anymore, because of a bug inside typing module

  • Breaking: Now bind does not change the type of an error

  • Breaking: Now rescue does not change the type of a value

  • Breaking: Renames map_failure to alt

  • Adds box() function with the ability to box function for direct container composition like: a -> Container[b] to Container[a] -> Container[b]

  • Adds IO.lift() function to lift a -> a to IO[a] -> IO[a]

  • Adds pipe() function to pipeline.py

  • Adds __hash__() magic methods to all containers

Bugfixes

  • Changes Any to NoReturn in Success and Failure

  • Now all type parameters in Result, Maybe, and IO are covariant

Misc

  • Massive docs rewrite

  • Updates mypy version

  • Updates wemake-python-styleguide and introduces nitpick

  • Updates pytest-plugin-mypy, all tests now use yml

0.9.0

Features

  • Provides a bunch of primitive interfaces to write your own containers

  • Adds .map_failure() method

  • Adds flatten() function to join nested containers

Bugfixes

  • Fixes type of Maybe.fix and Maybe.rescue to work with both lambda: 1 and lambda _: 1

Misc

  • Improves README

0.8.0

Features

  • Reintroduces the Maybe container, typed!

  • Introduces converters from one type to another

  • Adds mypy plugin to type decorators

  • Complete rewrite of Result types

  • Partial API change, now Success and Failure are not types, but functions

  • New internal types introduced: FixableContainer and ValueUnwrapContainer

Bugfixes

  • Fixes issue when you could return IO container from Result.bind

  • Fixes @pipeline return type

Misc

  • Reapplied all types to .py files

  • Improved docs about IO and Container concept

  • Adds docs about container composition

  • Moves from Alpha to Beta

0.7.0

Features

  • Adds IO container

  • Adds unsafe module with unsafe functions

  • Changes how functions are located inside the project

Bugfixes

  • Fixes container type in @pipeline

  • Now is_successful is public

  • Now raise_exception is public

Misc

  • Changes how str() function works for container types

  • Total rename to “container” in the source code

Version 0.6.0

Features

  • safe and pipeline now supports asyncio

  • is_successful now returns Literal types if possible

Version 0.5.0

Features

  • Adds compose helper function

  • Adds public API to import returns

  • Adds raise_exception helper function

  • Adds full traceback to .unwrap()

Misc

  • Updates multiple dev-dependencies, including mypy

  • Now search in the docs is working again

  • Relicenses this project to BSD

  • Fixes copyright notice in the docs

Version 0.4.0 aka Goodbye, containers!

Features

  • Moves all types to .pyi files

  • Renames all classes according to new naming pattern

  • HUGE improvement of types

  • Renames fmap to map

  • Renames do_notation to pipeline, moves it to functions.py

  • Renames ebind to rescue

  • Renames efmap to fix

  • Renames container to Container

  • Removes Maybe container, since typing does not have NonNullable type

Version 0.3.1

Bugfixes

  • Adds py.typed file to be PEP561 compatible

Version 0.3.0, Renamed to returns

The project is renamed to returns and moved to dry-python org.

Features

  • Adds .pyi files for all modules, to enable mypy support for 3rd party users

Version 0.2.0

Features

  • Adds Maybe container

  • Adds immutability and __slots__ to all containers

  • Adds methods to work with failures

  • Adds safe decorator to convert exceptions to Result container

  • Adds is_successful() function to detect if your result is a success

  • Adds failure() method to unwrap values from failed containers

Bugfixes

  • Changes the type of .bind method for Success container

  • Changes how equality works, so now Failure(1) != Success(1)

  • Changes how new instances created on unused methods

Misc

  • Improves docs

Version 0.1.1

Bugfixes

  • Changes how PyPI renders package’s page

Misc

  • Improves README with new badges and installation steps

Version 0.1.0

Initial release. Featuring only Result and do_notation.